Influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the associated factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#By stratified cluster sampling, 3 073 students of 14 schools including primary,junior,regular and vocational senior schools from two districts in Shenzhen were selected and investigated.@*Results@#For primary school students, the time of using computer for 2-<3 hours per day (OR=2.23，95%CI=1.19-4.20) , and no physical education class(2 sections per week OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.13-0.91; 4 sections per week OR=0.23, 95%CI=0.08-0.62; 5 sections or more per week OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.11-0.97) were positively associated with myopia. Teachers finishing class on time at break (occasionally delaying OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.51-2.63; frequently delaying OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.29-3.30), taking 0.5-1 hour break when using eyes at close range (1-<2 hours OR=1.33，95%CI=1.03-1.70; ≥3 hours OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.17-3.00), no parents with myopia(one parent with myopia OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.32-2.17; two parents with myopia OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.50-3.02) were negatively associated with myopia. For junior high school students, without parents with myopia (one parent with myopia OR=3.27, 95%CI=2.17-4.94; two parents with myopia OR=5.38, 95%CI=2.78-10.42) was the protective factor of myopia. For senior high school students, male (female OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.07-2.14), doing eye exercises twice a day in school (OR=0.41, 95%CI=0.23-0.75), and accumulating outdoor activities for ≥2 hours a day (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.49-1.00) were negatively associated with myopia.@*Conclusion@#There are different risk factors for myopia among different students in Shenzhen. Students with high risk factors are the key objects of prevention and control.

Transauricular arterial access for hepatic artery embolization in rabbit VX2 liver tumor

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous transauricular artery access for hepatic artery catheterization using a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) device and hepatic artery catheterization through auricular approach. Methods: Ten New Zealand White rabbits were used to establish a VX2 liver tumor model. Hepatic artery angiography and embolization were performed 3 weeks after inoculation. The rabbits were restrained in supine position under anesthesia. Intra-arterial access was accomplished with percutaneous Seldinger technique through the auricular artery using a PICC device. The hepatic artery catheterization was performed with a microcatheter and guide wire. The rate of technical success and procedure time was investigated. Results: Two rabbits failed initial percutaneous transauricular arterial access, with success in a contralateral attempt. Thus, percutaneous transauricular arterial access was achieved in 10 of 12 auricular arteries, with a technical success rate of 83.3%. The time needed to obtain intra-auricular access was 7.2 ± 3.1 min. Hepatic artery catheterization, angiography, and embolization were accomplished through the auricular approach in all 10 rabbits. Conclusion: Arterial access in rabbits can be achieved through the auricular artery. Hepatic artery catheterization, angiography, and embolization can be performed through auricular arterial access

Psychological sub-health status and its relationship with suicidal behaviors among middle school students in Shenzhen / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate psychological sub-health status and its correlation with suicidal behaviors among middle school students in Shenzhen, so as to provide reference for early prevention of suicide.@*Methods@#A total of 4 014 students from 5 junior high schools and 5 senior high schools in Shenzhen were selected as the subjects. The status of psychological sub-health and suicidal behaviors were assessed, and their correlation was analyzed.@*Results@#The detection rates of psychological sub-health, suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempts were 21.38%, 24.66%, 11.81% and 3.64% respectively. The detection rates of suicidal ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempts among students with high level of psychological sub-health status were significantly higher than those without psychological sub-health status(P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the number of psychological sub-health symptoms was positively correlated with the number of suicidal ideations, suicide plans and suicide attempts(P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Psychological health status of adolescents in Shenzhen is not optimistic. There is a correlation between psychological sub-health status and suicidal behaviors. More attention should be paid to suicide prevention among students with psychological sub-health status.

Application of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To present the initial clinical experience of robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer and to analyze the short-term outcomes of these patients. Methods Between February 2016 and December 2017, 148 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent robotic esophagectomy and two-fields lymph node dissection. There were 126 males and 22 females at average age of 62.0±8.0 years. Demographic data, intraoperative characteristics and short-term surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results 106 patients underwent McKeown esophagectomy and 42 patients underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. The mean operation time was 336.0±76.0 min, the mean intraoperative blood loss was 130.0±89.0 ml, the mean number of lymph nodes removed was 21.0±8.0 and the mean length of postoperative hospital-stay was 12.0±7.2 days. Postoperative complications included anastomotic fistula (n=8, 5.4%), pulmonary infection (n=13, 8.7%), hoarseness (n=23, 15.5%), tracheoesophageal fistula (n=1, 0.7%), chylothorax (n=4, 2.7%) and incision infection (n=2, 1.4%). There was no intra-operational massive hemorrhage or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion Both robot-assisted McKeown and Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy are safe and feasible with good early outcomes.

Chemical Constituents of Agricultural Residues Producing from 4 Kinds of Gramineous Crops and Their Pharmacological Effects / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gramineous crops occupy a remarkable proportion of grain crops in the word,and wheat,rice and corn account for more than 80%of the world's food crops. Agricultural residues bring tremendous pressure on the environment,and inefficient development of resources has caused huge waste of resources. At present,the research on agricultural residues mainly focuses on energy,fertilizer,feed and materialization. However, there are still a lot of resources that have not been rationally utilized. The author has found that in recent years,the medicinal research on gramineous crop waste has focused on four varieties-rice,corn,wheat and sugar cane,and their waste rice bran,rice husk,rice straw,corn stigma,corn bract,wheat bran,sugar cane leaf,sugar cane skin. The compounds isolated and identified from agricultural residues include phenylpropanoids,flavonoids,steroids and their glycosides,organic acids and their esters,volatile oil and saccharides. Studies have shown that agricultural residues from gramineous crops have pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation,hypolipidemia,hypoglycemia,anti-inflammation,anti-tumor,anti-cardiovascular disease,anti-liver and kidney damage. This paper is a systematic review of the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of agricultural residues from the major gramineous crops,so as to provide useful information for further research and development of agricultural residues.

Chronic prostatitis alters the prostatic microenvironment and accelerates preneoplastic lesions in C57BL/6 mice

BACKGROUND: Chronic prostatitis has been supposed to be associated with preneoplastic lesions and cancer development. The objective of this study was to examine how chronic inflammation results in a prostatic microenvironment and gene mutation in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS: Immune and bacterial prostatitis mouse models were created through abdominal subcutaneous injection of rat prostate extract protein immunization (EAP group) or transurethral instillation of uropathogenic E. coli 1677 (E. coli group). Prostate histology, serum cytokine level, and genome-wide exome (GWE) sequences were examined 1, 3, and 6 months after immunization or injection. RESULT: In the EAP and E. coli groups, immune cell infiltrations were observed in the first and last months of the entire experiment. After 3 months, obvious proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were observed accompanied with fibrosis hyperplasia in stroma. The decrease in basal cells (Cytokeratin (CK) 5+/p63+) and the accumulation of luminal epithelial cells (CK8+) in the PIA or PIN area indicated that the basal cells were damaged or transformed into different luminal cells. Hic1, Zfp148, and Mfge8 gene mutations were detected in chronic prostatitis somatic cells. CONCLUSION: Chronic prostatitis induced by prostate extract protein immunization or E. coli infection caused a reactive prostatic inflammation microenvironment and resulted in tissue damage, aberrant atrophy, hyperplasia, and somatic genome mutation.

Variations in culturable bacterial communities and biochemical properties in the foreland of the retreating Tianshan No. 1 glacier

Abstract As a glacier retreats, barren areas are exposed, and these barren areas are ideal sites to study microbial succession. In this study, we characterized the soil culturable bacterial communities and biochemical parameters of early successional soils from a receding glacier in the Tianshan Mountains. The total number of culturable bacteria ranged from 2.19 × 105 to 1.30 × 106 CFU g-1 dw and from 9.33 × 105 to 2.53 × 106 CFU g-1 dw at 4 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The number of culturable bacteria in the soil increased at 25 °C but decreased at 4 °C along the chronosequence. The total organic carbon, total nitrogen content, and enzymatic activity were relatively low in the glacier foreland. The number of culturable bacteria isolated at 25 °C was significantly positively correlated with the TOC and TN as well as the soil urease, protease, polyphenoloxidase, sucrase, catalase, and dehydrogenase activities. We obtained 358 isolates from the glacier foreland soils that clustered into 35 groups using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. These groups are affiliated with 20 genera that belong to six taxa, namely, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Deinococcus-Thermus, with a predominance of members of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in all of the samples. A redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial succession was divided into three periods, an early stage (10a), a middle stage (25-74a), and a late stage (100-130a), with the total number of culturable bacteria mainly being affected by the soil enzymatic activity, suggesting that the microbial succession correlated with the soil age along the foreland.

Down-regulated miR-448 relieves spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating SIRT1

MicroRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII). The role of miR-448 and SIRT1 in SCII was investigated in this study, to provide further insights into prevention and improvement of this disorder. In this study, expressions of miR-448 and SIRT1 protein were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis. The endogenous expression of genes was modulated by recombinant plasmids and cell transfection. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the interaction between miR-448 and SIRT1. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score was used to measure the hind-limb function of rat. The spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury model of adult rats was developed by abdominal aorta clamping, and the nerve function evaluation was completed by motor deficit index score. In SCII tissues and cells treated with hypoxia, miR-448 was up-regulated while SIRT1 was down-regulated. Hypoxia treatment reduced the expression of SIRT1 through up-regulating miR-448 in nerve cells. Up-regulation of miR-448 induced by hypoxia promoted apoptosis of nerve cells through down-regulating SIRT1. Down-regulated miR-448 improved neurological function and hind-limb motor function of rats with SCII by up-regulating SIRT1. Down-regulated miR-448 inhibited apoptosis of nerve cells and improved neurological function by up-regulating SIRT1, which contributes to relieving SCII.

Thiamine deficiency contributes to synapse and neural circuit defects

BACKGROUND: The previous studies have demonstrated the reduction of thiamine diphosphate is specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and causal factor of brain glucose hypometabolism, which is considered as a neurodegenerative index of AD and closely correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment. The reduction of thiamine diphosphate may contribute to the dysfunction of synapses and neural circuits, finally leading to cognitive decline. RESULTS: To demonstrate this hypothesis, we established abnormalities in the glucose metabolism utilizing thiamine deficiency in vitro and in vivo, and we found dramatically reduced dendrite spine density. We further detected lowered excitatory neurotransmission and impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation, which are induced by TPK RNAi in vitro. Importantly, via treatment with benfotiamine, Aß induced spines density decrease was considerably ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed that thiamine deficiency contributed to synaptic dysfunction which strongly related to AD pathogenesis. Our results provide new insights into pathogenesis of synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in AD.

Application of ultrasonic scalpel versus coagulation hook in thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor surgery: A controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To compare the differences in the application of ultrasound scalpel and coagulation hook in thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor surgery and to analyze the respective advantages and indications of the two commonly used energy instruments. Methods    The clinical data of 85 patients undergoing thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between June and November in 2017 were prospectively analyzed. There were 45 males and 40 females at age of 50.45 (18–75) years. The patients were divided into three groups including a ultrasound scalpel group (59 patients), a coagulation hook group (17 patients) and a mixed group (9 patients) according to the using time of energy devices. The clinical effect among the three groups were compared. Results    No significant difference was found among the three groups in operation time, blood loss, average duration of chest tube drainage or volume of drainage (P>0.05). No significant complications occurred in all groups during operation or after operation. The proportion of subxiphoid approach in the ultrasound scalpel group was higher than that in the other two groups (49/59 vs. 7/17 vs. 5/9, P<0.01). The maximum diameter of the tumor (4.58±2.19 cm vs. 4.05±1.07 cm vs. 3.00±1.45 cm, P<0.05) and the resected tissue weight (103.67±74.78 g vs. 61.17±31.97 g vs. 61.86±34.13 g, P<0.05) were also significantly greater than that in the coagulation hook group or the mixed group. Conclusion    Ultrasound scalpel has good safety and reliability in the thoracoscopic anterior mediastinal tumor surgery, and is more suitable for operation in a narrow space.

Short-term postoperative pain of robot-assisted versus thoracolaparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma: A non-randomized controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the short-term postoperative pain between robot-assisted and thoracolaparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. Methods    We prospectively analyzed clinical data of 77 patients with esophageal carcinoma in our hospital between September 2016 and February 2017. The patients were allocated into two groups including a robot group and a thoracolaparoscopic group. The patients underwent robot assisted McKeown esophagectomy in the robot group and thoracolaparoscopic McKeown esophagectomy in the thoracolaparoscopic group. There were 38 patients with 30 males and 8 females at average age of 60.80±6.20 years in the thoracolaparoscopic group, and 39 patients with 35 males and 4 females at average age of 60.90±7.20 years in the robot group. Results    There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the postoperative usage of analgesic drugs. The patients in the robot group experienced less postoperative pain on postoperative day 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 than the patients in the thoracolaparoscopic group. The mean value of visual analogue scale (VAS) on postoperative day 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 for the robot group and the thoracolaparoscopic group was 3.20±1.10 versus 2.70±0.90 (P=0.002), 2.75±0.96 versus 2.40±0.98 (P=0.030), 2.68±1.08 versus 2.02±0.8 (P=0.005); 2.49±0.99 versus 1.81±0.88 (P=0.003), 2.27±0.83 versus 1.51±0.61 (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion    Compared with the thoracolaparoscopic group, patients receiving robot assisted McKeown esophagectomy experience less postoperative short-term pain. However, the long-term postoperative pain for these patients needs to be further studied.

Effect of arthroscopic internal fixation and fusion for the treatment of patients with advanced ankle arthritis and the influence of AOFAS and VAS score / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the effect of arthroscopic internal fixation combined with arthrodesis on patients with advanced ankle arthritis and American Orthopedic Ankle Association Scoring System (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Methods 84 patients with advanced ankle arthritis from January 2012 to January 2015 were randomly divided into experimental group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases) by random number method. The patients in the control group were treated with traditional open ankle arthrodesis, the experimental group under the arthroscopic assisted internal fixation joint fusion. Then compare the time of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time and complication. The follow-up period was 12 to 36 months. Used the AOFAS score system to evaluate the curative effect. Use VAS to evaluate the degree of ankle pain. Results The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and the time of joint fusion were lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complication (9.52%) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (25.57%) (P < 0.05). The results of follow-up showed that the VAS and AOFAS scores of the experimental group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The procedure of arthroscopic endoscopic fusion is short, the bleeding rate is low, the incidence of complications is low, the healing rate is high, and the follow-up effect is accurate. It is suitable for clinical use.

Clinical implementation of robot assisted trans-subxiphoid (extended) thymectomy / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To present the preliminary clinical experience of robot assisted trans-subxiphoid (extended) thymectomy in patients with thymic neoplasms or myasthenia gravis. Methods    A total of 62 patients (34 males and 28 females at an average age of 38±11 years) suffering from thymic neoplasms or myasthenia gravis who underwent robotic (extended) thymectomy via subxiphoid approach were included in our department between August 2016 and August 2017. All of the operation were completed through 4 ports. In details, the observation hole was created just below the xiphoid process, two ports for arm 1 and arm 2 were created below bilateral subcostal arch at the midclavicular line, and trocar for arm 3 was placed in the 5th or 6th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line, respectively. Patients with thymic neoplasms received thymectomy. Patients with myasthenia gravis received extended thymectomy. Results    All the patients experienced uneventful operations. The mean operative time was 116.0±34.0 min. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 5.6±4.3 ml. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.0±2.2 days. There was no intra-operational massive hemorrhage, mortality, conversion or postoperative complication during the postoperative and follow-up period. Conclusion    Robotic trans-subxiphoid thymectomy is safe and feasible, which is a promising technique for extensive application.

A double-blinded randomized trial on growth and feeding tolerance with Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in formula-fed preterm infants / Ensaio duplo-cego randomizado sobre crescimento e tolerância de alimentação com a Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 em neonatos prematuros alimentados com fórmula

Abstract Objective: The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in preterm neonates, as they may prevent necrotizing enterocolitis sepsis and improve growth and feeding tolerance. There is only limited literature on Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) in preterm infants. Method: A prospective, randomized, case-controlled trial with the probiotic S. boulardii (50 mg/kg twice daily) was conducted in newborns with a gestational age of 30-37 weeks and a birth weight between 1500 and 2500 g. Results: 125 neonates were enrolled; 63 in the treatment and 62 in the control group. Weight gain (16.14 ± 1.96 vs. 10.73 ± 1.77 g/kg/day, p < 0.05) and formula intake at maximal enteral feeding (128.4 ± 6.7 vs. 112.3 ± 7.2 mL/kg/day, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the intervention group. Once enteral feeding was started, the time needed to reach full enteral feeding was significantly shorter in the probiotic group (0.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 days, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in sepsis. Necrotizing enterocolitis did not occur. No adverse effects related to S. boulardii were observed. Conclusion: Prophylactic supplementation of S. boulardii at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a day improved weight gain, improved feeding tolerance, and had no adverse effects in preterm infants >30 weeks old.

Resumo Objetivo: O uso de probióticos está cada vez mais popular em neonatos prematuros, já que podem prevenir a enterocolite necrosante (ECN) e a sepse e aumentar o crescimento e a tolerância de alimentação. Há apenas uma literatura limitada sobre a Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) em neonatos prematuros. Método: Um ensaio de caso-controle prospectivo randomizado com o probiótico S. boulardii (50 mg/kg duas vezes por dia) foi feito com recém-nascidos com idade gestacional de 30 a 37 semanas e peso ao nascer entre 1.500 e 2.500 g. Resultados: Foram incluídos 125 neonatos, 63 no grupo de tratamento e 62 no de controle. O ganho de peso (16,14 ± 1,96 em comparação com 10,73 ± 1,77 g/kg/dia, p < 0,05) e a ingestão de fórmula com nutrição enteral máxima (128,4 ± 6,7 em comparação com 112,3 ± 7,2 mL/kg/dia, p < 0,05) foram significativamente maiores no grupo de intervenção. Assim que a nutrição enteral foi iniciada, o tempo necessário para atingir a nutrição enteral completa foi significativamente menor no grupo probiótico (0,4 ± 0,1 em comparação com 1,7 ± 0,5 dia, p < 0,05). Não houve diferença significativa em sepse. Não ocorreu ECN. Não foi observado efeito colateral relacionado à S. boulardii. Conclusão: A suplementação profilática de S. boulardii em uma dose de 50 mg/kg duas vezes por dia melhorou o ganho de peso, aumentou a tolerância de alimentação e não teve efeito colateral em neonatos prematuros > 30 semanas de idade.

Molecular cloning and antibacterial activity of hepcidin from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

Background Hepcidins, a kind of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, play important roles in host immunological processes and iron regulation, which have been identified from several fish species. The rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), an endemic cyprinid fish in China, has been used extensively as model animal in laboratory. However, little is known about its hepcidin. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a hepcidin gene from the liver of Chinese rare minnow. Results The full-length cDNA of rare minnow hepcidin is 662 bp, which contains an ORF of 273 bp encoding a prepropeptide of 90 amino acid residues. The predicted prepropeptide contains three domains: a signal peptide of 24 amino acids, a prodomain of 41 amino acids, and a mature peptide of 25 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed eight conserved cysteine residues in the mature peptide, which formed four disulfide bonds in spatial structure. The deduced structure of mature peptide showed a high degree of homology to the human hepcidin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it had a close relationship with zebrafish hepcidin, and clustered in a clade with these from Cyprinidae. Synthetic peptide of rare minnow hepcidin could inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Conclusion These results suggested that rare minnow hepcidin had typical structure of hepcidins and antibacterial activity. It could participate in innate immune response as an antibacterial agent and be used as antibiotic substance.

Role of immune inflammation in the formation of intracranial aneurysm / 国际脑血管病杂志

ObjectiveToinvestigatetheroleofimmuneinflammatoryreactionintheformationof intracranial aneurysm. Methods The intracranial aneurysms in 40 patients of craniotomy ( intracranial aneurysm group) and the vascular specimens in 20 craniotomy patients w ith traumatic brain injury (control group) w ere col ected. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction w as used to detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 receptor in the arterial w al . Flow cytometry w as used to detect the Th-17 cel s in peripheral blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay w as used to measure the levels of IL-17, IL-6 in the arterial w al and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in peripheral blood. Results There w ere no significant differences in the age (62.6 ±8.7 years vs.61.4 ±7.9 years;t=0.342;P=0.681), proportions of male (60.0%vs.65.0%; χ2 =0.246, P=0.434), hypertension ( 12.5%vs.10.0%; χ2 =0.315, P=0.492), diabetes (75.0%vs.10.0%; χ2 =0.284, P=0.482), and smoking (35.5%vs.30.0%; χ2 =0.224, P=0.413) betw een the intracranial aneurysms group and the control group. The expression of IL -17 receptor in the arterial w al (0.106 ±0.032 vs.0.264 ±0.071; t=5.115, P=0.001) and the proportion of Th17 cels in peripheral blood (2.75%±0.53%vs.7.18%±1.54%; t=8.436, P<0.001) and IL-17 level ( 7.32 ±1.82 μg/L vs.22.64 ±4.51 μg/L; t= 8.357, P< 0.001 ) in the control group w ere significantly low er than those in the intracranial aneurysm group. The levels of IL-6 (1.15 ±0.24 μg/L vs. 19.64 ±4.16 μg/L; t=9.527, P<0.001) and TNF-α(1.43 ±0.31 μg/L vs.26.17 ±4.32 μg/L; t=9.816, P<0.001) in the arterial wal in the control group were significantly lower than those in the intracranial aneurysm group. Conclusions The expression of IL-17 receptor in the arterial w al , the proportion of the Th17 cels and IL-17 level in peripheral blood were increased in patients with intracranial aneurysms. Immune inflammation may be involved in the formation of intracranial aneurysm.

Progress in Stress Cardiomyopathy and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Stress cardiomyopathy is an atypical myocardial disease induced by emotional or physical stress, with the characteristic of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, transient imaging and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Sudden cardiac death can occur in severe cases. Clinical symptoms are likely to appear on acute myocardial infarction, but the exact pathological mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we perform a systematic review of the literature on the clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics, ECG, imaging and laboratory tests of stress cardiomyopathy, in order to provide the values for forensic pathology diagnosis.

Current research on molecular genetics of congenital cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

Congenital cataract accounts for 10％ of childhood blindness worldwide and is the second leading cause of childhood blindness in China.30％-50％ of congenital cataract patients are caused by heritability,and majority of them is autosomal dominant traits.In addition,autosomal recessive and X-linked fashion also are found to lead to congenital cataract.Up to now,more than 20 disease-causing genes and 100 mutation locus have been mapped to different chromosomal locations in the human genome using genetic linkage methods.The cataract-associated genes were classified as four categories,including crystallin gene,membrane protein gene,transcription factor regulatory gene and others,and they induce different phenotypes of cataract by different molecular mechanisms.To understand the disease-causing genes and their mechanism is helpful for the genetic diagnosis and treatment of congenital cataract.The current researching progress in molecular genetics of cataract is summarized in this review.

Intraoperative fluid management in open gastrointestinal surgery: goal-directed versus restrictive

OBJECTIVE: The optimal strategy for fluid management during gastrointestinal surgery remains unclear. Minimizing the variation in arterial pulse pressure, which is induced by mechanical ventilation, is a potential strategy to improve postoperative outcomes. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective, randomized study with lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution. METHOD: A total of 60 patients who were undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomized into a restrictive lactated Ringer's group (n = 20), a goal-directed lactated Ringer's group (n = 20) and a goal-directed hydroxyethyl starch group (n = 20). The goal-directed fluid treatment was guided by pulse pressure variation, which was recorded during surgery using a simple manual method with a Datex Ohmeda S/5 Monitor and minimized to 11% or less by volume loading with either lactated Ringer's solution or 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (130/0.4). The postoperative flatus time, the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complications were recorded as endpoints. RESULTS: The goal-directed lactated Ringer's group received the greatest amount of total operative fluid compared with the two other groups. The flatus time and the length of hospital stay in the goal-directed hydroxyethyl starch group were shorter than those in the goal-directed lactated Ringer's group and the restrictive lactated Ringer's group. No significant differences were found in the postoperative complications among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Monitoring and minimizing pulse pressure variation by 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (130/0.4) loading during gastrointestinal surgery improves postoperative outcomes and decreases the discharge time of patients who are graded American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II.